The preparation may be colored with one or more color additives. Rubbing alcohol contains in each 100 ml more than 355 mg of sucrose octaacetate or more than 1.40 mg of denatonium benzoate. The rest consists of water and the denaturants, with or without color additives, and perfume oils. It contains 87.5–91% by volume of absolute ethyl alcohol. To protect alcohol tax revenue in the United States, all preparations classified as Rubbing Alcohols (defined as those containing ethanol) must have poisonous additives to limit human consumption in accordance with the requirements of the US Treasury Department, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, using Formula 23-H (8 parts by volume of acetone, 1.5 parts by volume of methyl isobutyl ketone, and 100 parts by volume of ethyl alcohol). They may also contain medically-inactive additives for fragrance, such as wintergreen oil (methyl salicylate), or for other purposes. Naturally colorless, products may contain color additives. ![]() Surgical spirit BP boils at 80 ☌ (176 ☏). Boiling points vary with the proportion of isopropyl alcohol from 80 to 83 ☌ (176 to 181 ☏) likewise, freezing points vary from −32 to −50 ☌ (−26 to −58 ☏). Isopropyl rubbing alcohols contain from 50% to 99% by volume of isopropyl alcohol, the remainder consisting of water. Ethyl rubbing alcohol has an extremely bitter taste from additives. There was no standard formula for rubbing alcohol, which was sometimes perfumed with additives such as wintergreen oil ( methyl salicylate).Īll rubbing alcohols are volatile and flammable. Nevertheless it was well documented as a surrogate alcohol as early as 1925.Īlcohol was already widely used as a liniment for massage. The term "rubbing" emphasized that this alcohol was not intended for consumption. The term "rubbing alcohol" came into prominence in North America during the Prohibition era of 1920 to 1933, when alcoholic beverages were prohibited throughout the United States. Īll rubbing alcohols are unsafe for human consumption: isopropyl rubbing alcohols do not contain the ethyl alcohol of alcoholic beverages ethyl rubbing alcohols are based on denatured alcohol, which is a combination of ethyl alcohol and one or more bitter poisons that make the substance toxic. Individual manufacturers are permitted to use their own formulation standards in which the ethanol content for retail bottles of rubbing alcohol is labeled as and ranges from 70 to 99% v/v. Under its alternative name of "wintergreen oil", methyl salicylate is a common additive to North American rubbing alcohol products. ![]() In Ireland and the UK, the comparable preparation is surgical spirit B.P., which the British Pharmacopoeia defines as 95% methylated spirit, 2.5% castor oil, 2% diethyl phthalate, and 0.5% methyl salicylate. The United States Pharmacopeia ( USP) defines "isopropyl rubbing alcohol USP" as containing approximately 70 percent alcohol by volume of pure isopropyl alcohol and defines "rubbing alcohol USP" as containing approximately 70 percent by volume of denatured alcohol. The term "rubbing alcohol" in North American English is a general term for either isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol) or ethyl alcohol (ethanol) products. They also have multiple industrial and household applications. They are liquids used primarily as a topical antiseptic. Rubbing alcohol is denatured and undrinkable even if it is ethanol-based, due to the bitterants added. The comparable British Pharmacopoeia ( BP) is surgical spirit. Rubbing alcohol is either an isopropyl alcohol or an ethanol-based liquid, with isopropyl alcohol products being the most widely available. For the sitcom, see Surgical Spirit (TV series).
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